p21

Found in 3 curated pathways across 1 category.

Interaction Network

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Active In Categories

cell-cycle

Frequently Co-occurring Molecules

p53×3 Rb×2 p16INK4a×2 Cyclin D/E/A/B×1 CDK1/2/4/6×1 E2F×1 p27×1 ATM×1 ATR×1 Chk1×1 Chk2×1 γH2AX×1

Frequently Co-occurring Enzymes

CDK4/6×2 CDK2×1 CDK1×1 APC/C (ubiquitin ligase)×1 SCF (ubiquitin ligase)×1 ATM/ATR kinases×1 ATM kinase×1 ATR kinase×1 Chk1×1 Chk2×1 Wee1×1 Cdc25 phosphatases×1

Cross-Referenced Pathways

3 direct · 4 cross-referenced · 7 shown

Direct Involvement

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Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle Regulation

Ordered progression through G1, S, G2, and M phases via cyclin-CDK complexes.

Cyclin D/E/A/BCDK1/2/4/6Rb+5

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Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Surveillance mechanisms ensuring genomic integrity at each cell cycle phase.

p53p21ATM+7

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Cell Cycle

Cellular Senescence

Permanent cell cycle arrest in response to stress or telomere shortening.

p53p21p16INK4a+4

Cross-Referenced

— connected via related pathways

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Signal Transduction

NF-κB Pathway

Master regulator of inflammation, immunity, and cell survival.

NF-κB (p65/RelA, p50)IκBαIKKα/β/γ+4

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Genetic Information

DNA Replication

Semi-conservative duplication of the genome before cell division.

dsDNA templatedNTPsRNA primers+3

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Genetic Information

DNA Repair Pathways

Multiple mechanisms to detect and correct DNA damage.

Damaged DNAPCNARPA+4

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Cell Death

Intrinsic Apoptosis (Mitochondrial)

Cell death triggered by internal stress via mitochondrial cytochrome c release.

BAXBAKBCL-2+7