Curriculum
Module 05 · 65 min

Lipid & Amino Acid Metabolism

Beta-oxidation, ketogenesis, urea cycle, and the bedside-relevant inborn errors.

CoreClinicalResearch
Topics

What this module covers

  • 01Beta-oxidation and carnitine shuttle
  • 02Ketogenesis and DKA
  • 03Urea cycle and hyperammonemia
  • 04Branched-chain amino acid disorders
Learning objectives

By the end of this module you will be able to

  • L01Trace a fatty acid from cytoplasm to acetyl-CoA via the carnitine shuttle.
  • L02Explain when and why ketogenesis occurs.
  • L03Recognize urea cycle defects from clinical presentation.
Expected takeaways

What you should walk away believing

  • MCAD deficiency presents with hypoketotic hypoglycemia after fasting.
  • DKA combines insulinopenia, lipolysis, and unrestrained ketogenesis.
  • Hyperammonemia in adults with no liver disease should prompt urea cycle evaluation.
Core summary

At the Core level

Fats and proteins enter central metabolism through dedicated pathways: beta-oxidation chops fatty acids into acetyl-CoA; transamination feeds amino-acid carbon skeletons into glycolysis or the TCA. Disrupting either pathway has dramatic clinical signatures.

Evidence-graded claims

Claims, scored A–F

A
Newborn screening can detect MCAD before first crisis
Standard of care in most high-income countries.
C
Ketogenic diet cures epilepsy
Evidence supports specific pediatric epilepsies; not a universal cure.
Quiz

Check your understanding

Q1. Carnitine shuttles…
Flashcards

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MCAD deficiency presentation?
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