// Evidence Grader
Claim grades, A through F
Every major claim in this course gets a transparent grade. Use this dashboard to audit what's textbook, what's preliminary, and what's hype.
A
Textbook-established
B
Strongly supported
C
Promising / context-specific
D
Preliminary, contested
E
Popular, weak support
F
Misleading or false
B
Pathway-level reasoning predicts combination-therapy synergy better than target-level reasoning
Supported by network-medicine literature.
Module 01 · Why Pathways Matter
F
All cancers can be cured by hitting one pathway
Resistance via bypass and crosstalk is the rule.
Module 01 · Why Pathways Matter
E
Pathway databases are complete
Coverage varies by organism and pathway type; gaps are systematic.
Module 01 · Why Pathways Matter
F
All pathway diagrams represent measured kinetics
Most are qualitative graphs.
Module 02 · Reading Pathway Diagrams
A
Reactome covers >2,500 human pathways
Per Reactome v90 statistics.
Module 02 · Reading Pathway Diagrams
A
Glycolysis nets 2 ATP per glucose
Standard biochemistry.
Module 03 · Glycolysis & the TCA Cycle
A
PET-FDG uptake correlates with glycolytic rate in many tumors
Routine clinical use.
Module 03 · Glycolysis & the TCA Cycle
F
Lactate is a 'waste product'
Lactate is a major inter-organ fuel and signaling molecule.
Module 03 · Glycolysis & the TCA Cycle
A
ATP synthase rotates
Direct visualization (Yoshida, Walker).
Module 04 · Oxidative Phosphorylation
F
DNP is a safe weight-loss drug
Lethal hyperthermia.
Module 04 · Oxidative Phosphorylation
A
Newborn screening can detect MCAD before first crisis
Standard of care in most high-income countries.
Module 05 · Lipid & Amino Acid Metabolism
C
Ketogenic diet cures epilepsy
Evidence supports specific pediatric epilepsies; not a universal cure.
Module 05 · Lipid & Amino Acid Metabolism
A
GPCRs are the largest druggable target class
Hauser et al., Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017.
Module 06 · Signal Transduction Basics
A
All GPCRs are 7-transmembrane
Defining structural feature.
Module 06 · Signal Transduction Basics
A
RAS-MAPK drives ~30% of cancers
Hobbs et al., 2016 review.
Module 07 · RTKs, RAS-MAPK & PI3K-AKT
F
Single-agent BRAF inhibitor cures melanoma
Resistance emerges within months.
Module 07 · RTKs, RAS-MAPK & PI3K-AKT
A
APC loss is the most common initiating event in colorectal cancer
Vogelstein adenoma–carcinoma sequence.
Module 08 · Wnt, Hedgehog & Notch
D
Wnt agonists rejuvenate aging stem cells safely
Preclinical promise; tumor-promotion concerns.
Module 08 · Wnt, Hedgehog & Notch
B
JAK inhibitors increase VTE risk vs anti-TNF in RA
ORAL Surveillance trial signal.
Module 09 · Immune Signaling Pathways
F
All immunodeficiencies are TLR pathway defects
Most are not.
Module 09 · Immune Signaling Pathways
A
Venetoclax + azacitidine improves OS in unfit AML
VIALE-A trial.
Module 10 · Apoptosis & Cell Cycle Control
F
All p53-mutant tumors respond equally to MDM2 inhibitors
Only p53-WT tumors do.
Module 10 · Apoptosis & Cell Cycle Control
A
Biomarker-driven trials outperform unselected ones
Schwaederle et al. meta-analysis.
Module 11 · Disease Pathways & Drug Targets
E
Pathway combinations always improve survival
Many fail due to toxicity.
Module 11 · Disease Pathways & Drug Targets
C
Statin myopathy involves CoQ10 depletion via mevalonate inhibition
Mechanism plausible; supplementation evidence weak.
Module 12 · Capstone: Cross-Pathway Reasoning