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Cell Cycle
Eukaryotes
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Surveillance mechanisms ensuring genomic integrity at each cell cycle phase.
Overview
Cell cycle checkpoints monitor DNA integrity and proper cell cycle events. The G1/S checkpoint assesses DNA damage via p53 and Rb. The intra-S checkpoint slows replication in response to damage. The G2/M checkpoint prevents mitotic entry with unrepaired DNA. The spindle assembly checkpoint delays anaphase until all kinetochores are properly attached.
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Clinical Significance
Critical tumor suppressor mechanisms; p53 is mutated in >50% of cancers; checkpoint kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials.