Cell Cycle Pathways

Cell division, growth, and checkpoints

Ordered progression through G1, S, G2, and M phases via cyclin-CDK complexes.

Nuclear division producing two genetically identical daughter nuclei.

Two successive divisions producing four haploid gametes with genetic diversity.

Surveillance mechanisms ensuring genomic integrity at each cell cycle phase.

Permanent cell cycle arrest in response to stress or telomere shortening.

Physical division of the cytoplasm following nuclear division.