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Genetic Information
Universal
DNA Replication
Semi-conservative duplication of the genome before cell division.
Overview
DNA replication begins at origins of replication where the double helix is unwound by helicases. Primase synthesizes RNA primers, and DNA polymerases extend these primers, synthesizing new DNA strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in Okazaki fragments that are later joined by DNA ligase.
Cellular Location
Nucleus (eukaryotes), nucleoid (prokaryotes)
Clinical Significance
Fundamental to life; errors cause mutations leading to cancer and genetic diseases; target of many anticancer and antiviral drugs.