Cytochrome c

Found in 2 curated pathways across 2 categories.

Interaction Network

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Active In Categories

metabolic apoptosis

Frequently Co-occurring Molecules

NADH×1 FADH₂×1 O₂×1 H₂O×1 ATP×1 Ubiquinone (CoQ)×1 BAX×1 BAK×1 BCL-2×1 BCL-XL×1 MCL-1×1 BIM×1

Frequently Co-occurring Enzymes

Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)×1 Complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase)×1 Complex III (Cytochrome bc1)×1 Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase)×1 ATP Synthase (Complex V)×1 Caspase-9 (initiator)×1 Caspase-3 (executioner)×1 Caspase-7 (executioner)×1

Cross-Referenced Pathways

2 direct · 5 cross-referenced · 7 shown

Direct Involvement

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Metabolic

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

NADHFADH₂O₂+4

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Cell Death

Intrinsic Apoptosis (Mitochondrial)

Cell death triggered by internal stress via mitochondrial cytochrome c release.

BAXBAKBCL-2+7

Cross-Referenced

— connected via related pathways

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Metabolic

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH.

GlucoseGlucose-6-phosphateFructose-1,6-bisphosphate+4

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Metabolic

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO₂, generating GTP, NADH, and FADH₂.

Acetyl-CoACitrateIsocitrate+6

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Signal Transduction

PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Regulates cell survival, growth, and metabolism via phosphoinositide signaling.

PIP2PIP3AKT/PKB+6

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Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Surveillance mechanisms ensuring genomic integrity at each cell cycle phase.

p53p21ATM+7

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Cell Death

Extrinsic Apoptosis (Death Receptor)

Cell death initiated by death ligand-receptor interactions at the cell surface.

FasL/FasTNF/TNFR1TRAIL/DR4/DR5+4