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Metabolic
Universal

Folate / One-Carbon Metabolism

Transfer of one-carbon units for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and amino acid metabolism.

Overview

Folate (vitamin B9) serves as a carrier for one-carbon units at various oxidation states (methyl, methylene, formyl). Tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives participate in purine and thymidylate synthesis, amino acid interconversion (serine-glycine), and homocysteine remethylation to methionine. The methionine cycle generates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor for DNA, RNA, histones, and small molecules.

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm, mitochondria

Clinical Significance

Folate deficiency causes neural tube defects and megaloblastic anemia; MTHFR polymorphisms affect cardiovascular risk; methotrexate inhibits DHFR.

Key Molecules

Key Enzymes

Related Pathways