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Genetic Information
Eukaryotes
Epigenetic Regulation
Heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
Overview
Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation (primarily at CpG dinucleotides), histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation. These modifications alter chromatin structure and accessibility, influencing transcription without changing the underlying DNA sequence.
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Clinical Significance
Crucial for development, X-inactivation, and genomic imprinting; targets of epigenetic therapies (HDAC inhibitors, DNMT inhibitors).