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Metabolic
Most eukaryotes, some prokaryotes
β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Sequential removal of 2-carbon units from fatty acids as acetyl-CoA.
Overview
Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH₂. Each cycle of β-oxidation removes a two-carbon unit and produces one acetyl-CoA, one FADH₂, and one NADH. Fatty acids must first be activated to acyl-CoA and transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle.
Cellular Location
Mitochondrial matrix
Clinical Significance
Major energy source during fasting and prolonged exercise; defects cause metabolic myopathies and cardiomyopathies.