Membrane Transport Pathways

Ion channels, pumps, and vesicular transport

Clathrin-coated pit internalization of receptor-ligand complexes.

ER-to-Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking via coated vesicles.

Selective ion flux through membrane channels driving electrical and chemical signals.

ATP-driven efflux pumps transporting diverse substrates across membranes.

Ran-GTPase-driven transport of macromolecules through nuclear pore complexes.

Targeting and translocation of nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria.