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Neuronal
Vertebrates
GABAergic Signaling
Primary inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
Overview
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult CNS. It is synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65/67). GABA_A receptors are ligand-gated Cl⁻ channels that mediate fast inhibition. GABA_B receptors are metabotropic (Gαi-coupled), producing slow inhibition via K⁺ channel opening and Ca²⁺ channel inhibition. GABA is cleared by GAT transporters and metabolized by GABA transaminase.
Cellular Location
Inhibitory interneurons throughout CNS
Clinical Significance
Benzodiazepines and barbiturates enhance GABA_A function (anxiolytic, sedative); epilepsy involves GABA/glutamate imbalance; general anesthetics potentiate GABA_A; alcohol acts partly via GABA_A.