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Immune Response
Vertebrates

Complement System

Cascade of plasma proteins enhancing pathogen clearance and inflammation.

Overview

The complement system consists of >30 plasma proteins activated through three pathways: classical (antibody-mediated), lectin (mannose-binding), and alternative (spontaneous hydrolysis). All converge at C3 convertase formation, leading to opsonization (C3b), inflammation (C3a, C5a), and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation.

Cellular Location

Blood plasma, tissue fluids

Clinical Significance

Essential for innate immunity; complement inhibitors (eculizumab) treat PNH and aHUS.

Key Molecules

Key Enzymes

Related Pathways