Androgen Signaling
Testosterone and DHT signaling via androgen receptor in male development and physiology.
Overview
Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells under LH stimulation and converted to the more potent DHT by 5α-reductase in target tissues. Both bind the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes, and binds androgen response elements (AREs) to regulate gene transcription. AR signaling controls male sexual development, spermatogenesis, muscle mass, bone density, and prostate growth.
Cellular Location
Testes → Target tissues (prostate, muscle, bone, brain)
Clinical Significance
Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer; AR mutations cause androgen insensitivity syndrome; 5α-reductase inhibitors (finasteride) for BPH and hair loss; anabolic steroids abuse in athletics.